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Sandro Tosi: My dear iceweasel,:

WTH are you doing with all this memory?

 $ top -b -n 1 | egrep "xulrunner|PID" 
PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND  3907 morph
20   0 2349m 859m  15m S   14 21.7   2013:33 xulrunner-stub 

say goodbye, you're going to die; mew

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Matthew Palmer: Oh Firefox...

What are you doing in that the 1.1GB of resident memory (1357m of virtual memory) you have decided to consume in order to display three web pages? All fairly basic pages -- no flash, no excessive Javascript, and I haven't even done anything particularly exciting in the browser -- just loaded the pages up and let them sit for a few days.

Time to look at Conkeror on the Netbook, I suppose. I'm unlikely to be needing Firebug on there any time soon

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Enrico Zini: Firefox garbage collection:

Some people complained about the insane memory usage of firefox.
It must be a misunderstanding. They probably are not aware of how to trigger the excellent garbage collector shipped with the browser.

Let's navigate heavily a bit, opening several new tabs, click click click around, then closing those tabs:

 $ top -b -n 1 | egrep "firefox|PID"   PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM
 TIME+  COMMAND  6842 enrico    20   0  882m 398m  17m S    2 19.9  24:29.55 firefox-bin 

Indeed Firefox memory usage quickly grew. I've seen it grow to a gigabyte and a half after keeping it open for a month.

Now let's trigger the garbage collector:

 $ kill -9 6842 $ # Rerun firefox $ # Click on "Restore previous session"
$ # Wait for the various open tabs to reload 

And voilà! Now Firefox uses much less memory than before:

 $ top -b -n 1 | egrep "firefox|PID"   PID USER
PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND  5242 enrico
  20   0  656m 205m  25m S    0 10.3   0:14.49 firefox-bin 

Labels: firefox, linux

Labels: browser, linux

Canonical, the founder of the Ubuntu project, today launched new professional services to help and support users building 'private clouds', cloud infrastructures behind a corporate firewall.

The move follows the technical preview in April of Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud (UEC), an open-source system that enables organisations to build their own clouds that match the interface of Amazon EC2. UEC is now available as part of the Ubuntu Server Edition technology stack.

By creating private clouds with UEC, organisations can optimise server use and increase data-centre efficiencies, while lowering costs and providing end users with self-service IT. Ubuntu is the first Linux distribution to provide such a system and now Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud Services from Canonical help businesses build these environments with optimal efficiency.

“Enterprises are realising that building 'private clouds' enables them to better manage variable workloads, while reducing the waste of idle servers. Building on open-source technology also avoids the issue of vendor lock-in,” said Mark Shuttleworth, CEO of Canonical. “Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud enables businesses to do this - and the addition of these services helps them to do it with confidence.”

Canonical has partnered with Eucalyptus, whose eponymous product forms the base of UEC, to jointly provide the service but with a single interface for the customer through the Canonical support team.

“While the IT industry talks of future strategies and releases vapour ware, UEC today allows businesses to deploy and now support a 'private cloud' on open source technologies from a renowned Linux provider,” said Woody Rollins, CEO of Eucalyptus. “We are very excited to lend our expertise to building the type of professional services that will help more businesses discover the benefits of private clouds built on open technologies.”

Pricing and Availability

Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud Services enable users to scale up from a five-machine environment all the way to a site license covering all machines, physical and virtual, in a single location.

Yearly pricing for entry-level support for five physical servers and up to 25 virtual Ubuntu servers is $4,750 for 9x5 standard support and $17,500 for 24x7 advanced support. Additional support packs are available per physical server and per ten virtual servers for $1,250 p.a. for standard support and $3,000 p.a. for advanced.

Site support is also available which covers one geographical location. It includes an unlimited number of physical and virtual servers for $90,000 p.a. for standard support and $150,000 p.a. for advanced.

To use Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud, users must first install Ubuntu 9.04 Server Edition available at no charge from http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download-server

To find out more about Ubuntu Cloud Computing, please visit http://www.ubuntu.com/cloud

To enquire about support, please visit: http://www.canonical.com/contact/cloud

more information on Cloud Service:

http://www.ubuntu.com/products/whatisubuntu/serveredition/cloud/services

To keep up-to-date with Ubuntu Cloud activity, follow the cloud blog aggregator: http://cloud.ubuntu.com

Follow Ubuntu cloud on Twitter: http://twitter.com/ubuntucloud

Labels: linux, ubuntu

"Phoronix has published Linux filesystem benchmarks comparing XFS, EXT3, EXT4, Btrfs and NILFS2 filesystems. This is the first time that the new EXT4 and Btrfs and NILFS2 filesystems have been directly compared when it comes to their disk performance though the results may surprise. For the most part, EXT4 came out on top."

Labels: benchmark, filesystem, kernel, linux

Canonical today announced that it has been collaborating with SanDisk, the global leader in flash memory cards, to improve how Ubuntu runs on the solid state drives (SSDs) that provide the memory – and memory management – for most netbooks and laptops in the market today. Engineers from both companies have worked closely on system optimizations resulting in longer battery life, reduction in heat levels & better system responsiveness. This is done to optimise the user experience and offer original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) a better solution to bring to market.

In addition to remote collaboration, SanDisk engineers have engaged at events like the Ubuntu Developer Summit in San Francisco and Barcelona where the technology industry and Ubuntu community plan future releases of the award-winning platform.

That an industry leader like SanDisk has engaged to this degree is testament to the success of Ubuntu in winning design wins with leading PC manufacturers. More and more people are choosing an open platform on which to run their 'on-the-go' netbook machines, while increasing numbers of OEMs are enjoying the freedom and product differentiation that choosing Ubuntu gives them. With SanDisk committed to full support for the Ubuntu platform, and its engineers in direct and regular contact with their operating system peers, the success of Linux shows signs of acceleration in this area.

"SanDisk is committed to providing OEMs and consumers more choices in how they compute,” said Rich Heye, senior vice president and general manager, Solid State Drives, SanDisk. “We decided to collaborate with Canonical thanks to its unprecedented success in helping Ubuntu to drive Linux in the mainstream market. Ubuntu on SanDisk SSDs delivers a fast, robust user experience and offers a fantastic combination for OEMs or original design manufacturers (ODMs)."

"There is no question that flash memory technology has helped this category to flourish. For small, lightweight, robust, heat-managed machines, SanDisk SSD is the best choice for OEMs," said Chris Kenyon, Director of OEM Services at Canonical. "The collaboration between our two organisations demonstrates that Ubuntu is an easy and great choice for OEMs interested in delivering an optimal user experience while differentiating their machines in the market."

Labels: canonical, linux, ubuntu

Labels: linux, ubuntu

Wal-Mart sells this Everex gPC for $198. It's bundled with speakers, a mouse, and a keyboard, and it comes with 24-hour tech support. The operating system is called gOS, a version of Ubuntu 7.10. Despite the fact that many mainstream consumers have likely never even heard of Ubuntu, Wal-Mart is having trouble keeping the gPC in stock.

Mirus and Linspire collaborated on the Mirus Linux PC, which is now for sale at Sears.com. Its retail price is $299, but an included $100 rebate brings it to $199. It comes preloaded with Freespire 2.0, an Ubuntu-based Linux distribution.

At the Consumer Electronics Show earlier this month, Shuttle introduced its KPC. It'll include an Intel Celeron processor, a 945GC chipset, 512MB of memory, and either a 60GB or 80GB hard drive. What it won't have: an optical drive or a PCI Express slot. It comes in red, blue, white, and black, each with a different icon stamped on the front. Shuttle also says there will also be a $99 bare-bones version of the KPC. That version will have the option of upgrading to a Core 2 Duo processor and 1GB of memory.

source:DISCOVIX

Labels: linux, pc

The KDE Community is thrilled to announce the immediate availability of KDE 4.0. This significant release marks both the end of the long and intensive development cycle leading up to KDE 4.0 and the beginning of the KDE 4 era.
more

Labels: kde, linux

Steve Langasek has announced that the third alpha release of Ubuntu 8.04
full story

Labels: linux

KDE 4.0.0 is days away from being released. In this post I show you some pieces of the final look of KDE4.0.0 and mention some of the most anticipated features of this great step forward for the Free software desktop. Let's take a look at the final state of this highly anticipated release.


Starting up

I have been following the development of KDE4 for quite a few months now. The version I base this post on is from the main KDE development (trunk in svn) at the time of the release tagging freeze. As such it should be very similar to the packages you will receive from your favorite distribution on the 11th.




Progress all around

Many of the new frameworks are still almost unused in the user interface of the first KDE4 release. But some more obvious and easily implementable changes have already appeared in KDE4.0.0.


Graphics

Oxygen: Originally planned as the new icon set for KDE4, Oxygen has re-defined all aspects of KDE's user interface, including the window decorations and theme.



Plasma: Plasma is the new desktop shell of KDE4, one of the most anticipated components of KDE4 and the one which was started last.



Because of its late start plasma has not realized its full potential yet, but as with many things in KDE4.0.0 it will gain features rapidly in the future. Plasma's vision is a lot more than to display a panel and cool looking widgets. Stay tuned, already KDE4.1 will introduce new features.

KWin: KWin has been a very robust window manager for a long time. New in KDE4 is its ability to use desktop effects, window shadows and subtle animations. These features depend on the availability of OpenGL or at least XRender, which are not fully supported on all graphics cards yet although the situation is improving rapidly.




Applications

Dolphin: The new default file manager in KDE4. While Konqueror has retained its ability to manage files (and cook coffee) dolphin is written specifically for this task.




The first visible piece of KDE4's new semantic search backend Nepomuk (the name won't be visible in the UI) is dolphin's ability to annotate and rate files.
In the future Nepomuk and Strigi will help you answer questions like "Who gave me this file?" or "What sources did I use on that KDE4.0.0 blog post?"
Progress in Qt4 (the toolkit KDE4 is based on) allows user interface polish like dolphin's sidebar, which changes its layout dynamically as the user drags it. No screenshot, you have to see this one in action.

Gwenview: KDE's image viewer Gwenview has received a lot of polish while it was ported to KDE4 and handles really, really well.



Okular: The new document viewer for KDE4, based on KDE3's KPDF application. It sports annotation features, previews, presentation mode, bookmarks and support for no less than 28 file types in my build.


Unreleased Applications

Amarok: The famous KDE based audio player has been ported to KDE4 and is receiving a major overhaul. It is currently in pre-alpha state, but I have been able to use it normally over the last few weeks. When it is ready, it may also be released for windows.



Dragon Player: Based on the Codein video player from the KDE3 days, Dragon Player continues a successful carrier as a simple and enjoybale video player.


These are some of the highlights of the upcoming KDE4.0.0. I hope you enjoyed this preview and have come to share my opinion that KDE4 is going to rock!

Take a look at this album for these and a few more screenshots I didn't include in this post.
source:drowstar.blogspot.com

Labels: kde, linux

COMMAND DESCRIPTION System information arch show architecture of machine uname -r show used kernel version dmidecode -q show hardware system components - (SMBIOS / DMI) hdaparm -i /dev/hda displays the characteristics of a hard-disk hdparm -tT /dev/sda perform test reading on a hard-disk cat /proc/cpuinfo show information CPU info cat /proc/interrupts show interrupts cat /proc/meminfo verify memory use cat /proc/swaps show file(s) swap cat /proc/version show version of the kernel cat /proc/net/dev show network adpters and statistics cat /proc/mounts show mounted file system(s) lspci -tv display PCI devices lsusb -tv show USB devices date show system date cal 2007 show the timetable of 2007 date 041217002007.00 set date and time - MonthDayhoursMinutesYear.Seconds clock -w save date changes on BIOS Shutdown, Restart of a system and Logout shutdown -h now shutdown system init 0 telinit 0 shutdown -r hours:minutes & planned shutdown of the system shutdown -c cancel a planned shutdown of the system shutdown -r now reboot reboot logout leaving session Files and Directory cd /home enter to directory '/ home' cd .. go back one level cd ../.. go back two levels cd go to home directory cd ~utente go to home directory cd - go to previous directory pwd show the path of work directory ls view files of directory ls -F view files of directory ls -l show details of files and directory ls -a show hidden files ls *[0-9]* show files and directory containing numbers lstree show files and directories in a tree starting from root mkdir dir1 create a directory called 'dir1' mkdir dir1 dir2 create two directories simultaneously mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 create a directory tree rm -f file1 delete file called 'file1' rmdir dir1 delete directory called 'dir1' rm -rf dir1 remove a directory called 'dir1' and contents recursively rm -rf dir1 dir2 remove two directories and their contents recursively mv dir1 new_dir rename / move a file or directory cp file1 file2 copying a file cp dir/* . copy all files of a directory within the current work directory cp -a /tmp/dir1 . copy a directory within the current work directory cp -a dir1 dir2 copy a directory ln -s file1 lnk1 create a symbolic link to file or directory ln file1 lnk1 create a physical link to file or directory touch -t 0712250000 fileditest modify timestamp of a file or directory - (YYMMDDhhmm) File search find / -name file1 search file and directory into root filesystem from '/' find / -user user1 search files and directories belonging to 'user1' find /home/user1 -name \*.bin search files with '. bin' extension within directory '/ home/user1' find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100 search binary files are not used in the last 100 days find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10 search files created or changed within 10 days find / -name \*.rpm -exec chmod 755 {} ; search files with '.rpm' extension and modify permits find / -xdev -name \*.rpm search files with '.rpm' extension ignoring removable partitions as cdrom, pen-drive, etc.… locate \*.ps find files with the '.ps' extension - first run 'updatedb' command whereis halt show location of a binary file, source or man which halt show full path to a binary / executable Mounting a Filesystem mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 mount disk called hda2 - verify existence of the directory '/ mnt/hda2' umount /dev/hda2 unmount disk called hda2 - exit from mount point '/ mnt/hda2' first fuser -km /mnt/hda2 force umount when the device is busy umount -n /mnt/hda2 run umount without writing the file /etc/mtab - useful when the file is read-only or the hard disk is full mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy mount a floppy disk mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom mount a cdrom / dvdrom mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder mount a cdrw / dvdrom mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder mount a cdrw / dvdrom mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom mount a file or iso image mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 mount a Windows FAT32 file system mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk mount a usb pen-drive or flash-drive mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //winclient/share /mnt/share mount a windows network share Disk Space df -h show list of partitions mounted ls -lSr |more show size of the files and directories ordered by size du -sh dir1 estimate space used by directory 'dir1' du -sh * | sort -rn show size of the files and directories sorted by size rpm -q -a --qf '%10{SIZE}\t%{NAME}\n' | sort -k1,1n show space used by rpm packages installed sorted by size (fedora, redhat and like) dpkg-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;10}\t${Package}\n' | sort -k1,1n show space used by deb packages installed sorted by size (ubuntu, debian and like) Users and Groups groupadd group_name create a new group groupdel group_name delete a group groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name rename a group useradd -c "Nome Cognome" -g admin -d /home/user1 -s /bin/bash user1 create a new user belongs "admin" group useradd user1 create a new user userdel -r user1 delete a user ( '-r' eliminates home directory) usermod -c "User FTP" -g system -d /ftp/user1 -s /bin/nologin user1 change user attributes passwd change password passwd user1 change a user password (only by root) chage -E 2005-12-31 user1 set deadline for user password pwck check correct syntax and file format of '/etc/passwd' and users existence grpck check correct syntax and file format of '/etc/group' and groups existence newgrp group_name log in to a new group to change default group of newly created files Permits on File - use "+" to set permissions and "-" to remove ls -lh show permits ls /tmp | pr -T5 -W$COLUMNS divide terminal into 5 columns chmod ugo+rwx directory1 set permissions reading (r), write (w) and (x) access to users owner (u) group (g) and others (o) chmod go-rwx directory1 remove permits reading (r), write (w) and (x) access to users group (g) and others (or chown user1 file1 change owner of a file chown user1 -R directory1 change user owner of a directory and all the files and directories contained inside chgrp gruppo1 file1 change group of files chown user1:gruppo1 file1 change user and group ownership of a file find / -perm -u+s view all files on the system with SUID configured chmod u+s /bin/file_eseguibile set SUID bit on a binary file - the user that running that file gets same privileges as owner chmod u-s /bin/file_binario disable SUID bit on a binary file chmod g+s /home/public set SGID bit on a directory - similar to SUID but for directory chmod g-s /home/public disable SGID bit on a directory chmod o+t /home/comune set STIKY bit on a directory - allows files deletion only to legitimate owners chmod o-t /home/comune disable STIKY bit on a directory Special Attributes on file - use "+" to set permissions and "-" to remove chattr +a file1 allows write opening of a file only append mode chattr +c file1 allows that a file is compressed / decompressed automatically by the kernel chattr +d file1 makes sure that the program ignores Dump the files during backup chattr +i file1 makes it an immutable file, which can not be removed, altered, renamed or linked chattr +s file1 allows a file to be deleted safely chattr +S file1 makes sure that if a file is modified changes are written in synchronous mode as with sync chattr +u file1 allows you to recover the contents of a file even if it is canceled lsattr show specials attributes Archives and compressed files bunzip2 file1.bz2 decompress a file called 'file1.bz2' bzip2 file1 compress a file called 'file1' gunzip file1.gz decompress a file called 'file1.gz' gzip file1 compress a file called 'file1' gzip -9 file1 compress with maximum compression rar a file1.rar test_file create an archive rar called 'file1.rar' rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1 compress 'file1', 'file2' and 'dir1' simultaneously rar x file1.rar decompress rar archive unrar x file1.rar decompress rar archive tar -cvf archive.tar file1 create a uncompressed tarball tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1 create an archive containing 'file1', 'file2' and 'dir1' tar -tf archive.tar show contents of an archive tar -xvf archive.tar extract a tarball tar -xvf archive.tar -C /tmp extract a tarball into / tmp tar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1 create a tarball compressed into bzip2 tar -xvfj archive.tar.bz2 decompress a compressed tar archive in bzip2 tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1 create a tarball compressed into gzip tar -xvfz archive.tar.gz decompress a compressed tar archive in gzip zip file1.zip file1 create an archive compressed in zip zip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1 compress in zip several files and directories simultaneously unzip file1.zip decompress a zip archive RPM Packages - Fedora, Red Hat and like rpm -ivh package.rpm install a rpm package rpm -ivh --nodeeps package.rpm install a rpm package ignoring dependencies requests rpm -U package.rpm upgrade a rpm package without changing configuration files rpm -F package.rpm upgrade a rpm package only if it is already installed rpm -e package_name.rpm remove a rpm package rpm -qa show all rpm packages installed on the system rpm -qa | grep httpd show all rpm packages with the name "httpd" rpm -qi package_name obtain information on a specific package installed rpm -qg "System Environment/Daemons" show rpm packages of a group software rpm -ql package_name show list of files provided by a rpm package installed rpm -qc package_name show list of configuration files provided by a rpm package installed rpm -q package_name --whatrequires show list of dependencies required for a rpm packet rpm -q package_name --whatprovides show capability provided by a rpm package rpm -q package_name --scripts show scripts started during installation / removal rpm -q package_name --changelog show history of revisions of a rpm package rpm -qf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf verify which rpm package belongs to a given file rpm -qp package.rpm -l show list of files provided by a rpm package not yet installed rpm --import /media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY import public-key digital signature rpm --checksig package.rpm verify the integrity of a rpm package rpm -qa gpg-pubkey verify integrity of all rpm packages installed rpm -V package_name check file size, permissions, type, owner, group, MD5 checksum and last modification rpm -Va check all rpm packages installed on the system - use with caution rpm -Vp package.rpm verify a rpm package not yet installed rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio --extract --make-directories *bin* extract executable file from a rpm package rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/`arch`/package.rpm install a package built from a rpm source rpmbuild --rebuild package_name.src.rpm build a rpm package from a rpm source YUM packages updater - Fedora, RedHat and like yum install package_name download and install a rpm package yum update update all rpm packages installed on the system yum update package_name upgrade a rpm package yum remove package_name remove a rpm package yum list list all packages installed on the system yum search package_name find a package on rpm repository yum clean packages clean up rpm cache erasing downloaded packages yum clean headers remove all files headers that the system uses to resolve dependency yum clean all remove from the cache packages and headers files DEB packages - Debian, Ubuntu and like dpkg -i package.deb install / upgrade a deb package dpkg -r package_name remove a deb package from the system dpkg -l show all deb packages installed on the system dpkg -l | grep httpd show all rpm packages with the name "httpd" dpkg -s package_name obtain information on a specific package installed on system dpkg -L package_name show list of files provided by a package installed on system dpkg --contents package.deb show list of files provided by a package not yet installed dpkg -S /bin/ping verify which package belongs to a given file APT packages updater - Debian, Ubuntu e like apt-get install package_name install / upgrade a deb package apt-cdrom install package_name install / upgrade a deb package from cdrom apt-get update update all deb packages installed on system apt-get remove package_name remove a deb package from system apt-get check verify correct resolution of dependencies apt-get clean clean up cache from packages downloaded View file content cat file1 view the contents of a file starting from the first row tac file1 view the contents of a file starting from the last line more file1 view content of a file along less file1 similar to 'more' command but which allows backward movement in the file as well as forward movement head -2 file1 view first two lines of a file tail -2 file1 view last two lines of a file tail -f /var/log/messages view in real time what is added to a file Text Manipulation cat file_test | [operation: sed, grep, awk, grep, etc] > result.txt syntax to elaborate the text of a file, and write result to a new file cat file_originale | [operazione: sed, grep, awk, grep, etc] >> result.txt syntax to elaborate the text of a file and append result in existing file grep Aug /var/log/messages look up words "Aug" on file '/var/log/messages' grep ^Aug /var/log/messages look up words that begin with "Aug" on file '/var/log/messages' grep [0-9] /var/log/messages select from file '/var/log/messages' all lines that contain numbers grep Aug -R /var/log/* search string "Aug" at directory '/var/log' and below sed 's/stringa1/stringa2/g' example.txt replace "string1" with "string2" in example.txt sed '/^$/d' example.txt remove all blank lines from example.txt sed '/ *#/d; /^$/d' example.txt remove comments and blank lines from example.txt echo 'esempio' | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' convert from lower case in upper case sed -e '1d' result.txt eliminates the first line from file example.txt sed -n '/stringa1/p' view only lines that contain the word "string1" sed -e 's/ *$//' example.txt remove empty characters at the end of each row sed -e 's/stringa1//g' example.txt remove only the word "string1" from text and leave intact all sed -n '1,5p;5q' example.txt view from 1th to 5th row sed -n '5p;5q' example.txt view row number 5 sed -e 's/00*/0/g' example.txt replace more zeros with a single zero cat -n file1 number row of a file cat example.txt | awk 'NR%2==1' remove all even lines from example.txt echo a b c | awk '{print $1}' view the first column of a line echo a b c | awk '{print $1,$3}' view the first and third column of a line paste file1 file2 merging contents of two files for columns paste -d '+' file1 file2 merging contents of two files for columns with '+' delimiter on the center sort file1 file2 sort contents of two files sort file1 file2 | uniq sort contents of two files omitting lines repeated sort file1 file2 | uniq -u sort contents of two files by viewing only unique line sort file1 file2 | uniq -d sort contents of two files by viewing only duplicate line comm -1 file1 file2 compare contents of two files by deleting only unique lines from 'file1' comm -2 file1 file2 compare contents of two files by deleting only unique lines from 'file2' comm -3 file1 file2 compare contents of two files by deleting only the lines that appear on both files Character set and Format file conversion dos2unix filedos.txt fileunix.txt convert a text file format from MSDOS to UNIX unix2dos fileunix.txt filedos.txt convert a text file format from UNIX to MSDOS recode ..HTML < page.txt > page.html convert a text file to html recode -l | more show all available formats conversion Filesystem Analysis badblocks -v /dev/hda1 check bad blocks in disk hda1 fsck /dev/hda1 repair / check integrity of linux filesystem on disk hda1 fsck.ext2 /dev/hda1 repair / check integrity of ext2 filesystem on disk hda1 e2fsck /dev/hda1 repair / check integrity of ext2 filesystem on disk hda1 e2fsck -j /dev/hda1 repair / check integrity of ext3 filesystem on disk hda1 fsck.ext3 /dev/hda1 repair / check integrity of ext3 filesystem on disk hda1 fsck.vfat /dev/hda1 repair / check integrity of fat filesystem on disk hda1 fsck.msdos /dev/hda1 repair / check integrity of dos filesystem on disk hda1 dosfsck /dev/hda1 repair / check integrity of dos filesystems on disk hda1 Format a Filesystem mkfs /dev/hda1 create a filesystem type linux on hda1 partition mke2fs /dev/hda1 create a filesystem type linux ext2 on hda1 partition mke2fs -j /dev/hda1 create a filesystem type linux ext3 (journal) on hda1 partition mkfs -t vfat 32 -F /dev/hda1 create a FAT32 filesystem fdformat -n /dev/fd0 format a floppy disk mkswap /dev/hda3 create a swap filesystem SWAP filesystem mkswap /dev/hda3 create a swap filesystem swapon /dev/hda3 activating a new swap partition swapon /dev/hda2 /dev/hdb3 activate two swap partitions Backup dump -0aj -f /tmp/home0.bak /home make a full backup of directory '/home' dump -1aj -f /tmp/home0.bak /home make a incremental backup of directory '/home' restore -if /tmp/home0.bak restoring a backup interactively rsync -rogpav --delete /home /tmp synchronization between directories rsync -rogpav -e ssh --delete /home ip_address:/tmp rsync via SSH tunnel rsync -az -e ssh --delete ip_addr:/home/public /home/local synchronize a local directory with a remote directory via ssh and compression rsync -az -e ssh --delete /home/local ip_addr:/home/public synchronize a remote directory with a local directory via ssh and compression dd bs=1M if=/dev/hda | gzip | ssh user@ip_addr 'dd of=hda.gz' make a backup of a local hard disk on remote host via ssh tar -Puf backup.tar /home/user make a incremental backup of directory '/home/user' ( cd /tmp/local/ && tar c . ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/share/ && tar x -p' copy content of a directory on remote directory via ssh ( tar c /home ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/backup-home && tar x -p' copy a local directory on remote directory via ssh tar cf - . | (cd /tmp/backup ; tar xf - ) local copy preserving permits and links from a directory to another find /home/user1 -name '*.txt' | xargs cp -av --target-directory=/home/backup/ --parents find and copy all files with '.txt' extention from a directory to another find /var/log -name '*.log' | tar cv --files-from=- | bzip2 > log.tar.bz2 find all files with '.log' extention and make an bzip archive dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1 make a copy of MBR (Master Boot Record) to floppy dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1 restore MBR from backup copy saved to floppy CDROM cdrecord -v gracetime=2 dev=/dev/cdrom -eject blank=fast -force clean a rewritable cdrom mkisofs /dev/cdrom > cd.iso create an iso image of cdrom on disk mkisofs /dev/cdrom | gzip > cd_iso.gz create a compressed iso image of cdrom on disk mkisofs -J -allow-leading-dots -R -V "Label CD" -iso-level 4 -o ./cd.iso data_cd create an iso image of a directory cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom cd.iso burn an ISO image gzip -dc cd_iso.gz | cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom - burn a compressed ISO image mount -o loop cd.iso /mnt/iso mount an ISO image cd-paranoia -B rip audio tracks from a CD to wav files cd-paranoia -- "-3" rip first three audio tracks from a CD to wav files cdrecord --scanbus scan bus to identify the channel scsi Networking - LAN and WiFi ifconfig eth0 show configuration of an ethernet network card ifup eth0 activate an interface 'eth0' ifdown eth0 disable an interface 'eth0' ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 configure IP Address ifconfig eth0 promisc configure 'eth0' in promiscuous mode to gather packets (sniffing) dhclient eth0 active interface 'eth0' in dhcp mode route -n show routing table route add -net 0/0 gw IP_Gateway configura default gateway route add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1 configure static route to reach network '192.168.0.0/16' route del 0/0 gw IP_gateway remove static route echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward activate ip routing hostname show hostname host www.google.com lookup hostname to resolve name to ip address and viceversa ip link show show link status of all interfaces mii-tool eth0 show link status of 'eth0' ethtool eth0 show statistics of network card 'eth0' netstat -tup show all active network connections and their PID netstat -tupl show all network services listening on the system and their PID tcpdump tcp port 80 show all HTTP traffic iwlist scan show wireless networks iwconfig eth1 show configuration of a wireless network card Microsoft Windows networks - SAMBA nbtscan ip_addr netbios name resolution nmblookup -A ip_addr netbios name resolution smbclient -L ip_addr/hostname show remote shares of a windows host smbget -Rr smb://ip_addr/share like wget can download files from a host windows via smb mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //winclient/share /mnt/share mount a windows network share IPTABLES - firewall iptables -t filter -L show all chains of filtering table iptables -t nat -L show all chains of nat table iptables -t filter -F clear all rules from filtering table iptables -t nat -F clear all rules from table nat iptables -t filter -X delete any chains created by user iptables -t filter -A INPUT -p tcp --dport telnet -j ACCEPT allow telnet connections to input iptables -t filter -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport http -j DROP block HTTP connections to output iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport pop3 -j ACCEPT allow POP3 connections to forward chain iptables -t filter -A INPUT -j LOG --log-prefix "DROP INPUT" logging sulla chain di input Logging on chain input iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE configure a PAT (Port Address Traslation) on eth0 masking outbound packets iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 192.168.0.1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.2:22 redirect packets addressed to a host to another host Monitoring and debugging top display linux tasks using most cpu ps -eafw displays linux tasks ps -e -o pid,args --forest displays linux tasks in a hierarchical mode pstree mostra un albero dei processi sistema Shows a tree system processes kill -9 ID_Processo force closure of the process and finish it kill -1 ID_Processo force a process to reload configuration lsof -p $$ display a list of files opened by processes lsof /home/user1 displays a list of open files in a given path system strace -c ls >/dev/null display system calls made and received by a process strace -f -e open ls >/dev/null display library calls watch -n1 'cat /proc/interrupts' display interrupts in real-time last reboot show history reboot lsmod display kernel loaded free -m displays status of RAM in megabytes smartctl -A /dev/hda monitoring reliability of a hard-disk through SMART smartctl -i /dev/hda check if SMART is active on a hard-disk tail /var/log/dmesg show events inherent to the process of booting kernel tail /var/log/messages show system events Other useful commands apropos ...keyword display a list of commands that pertain to keywords of a program , useful when you know what your program does, but you don't know the name of the command man ping display the on-line manual pages for example on ping command whatis ...keyword displays description of what a program does mkbootdisk --device /dev/fd0 `uname -r` create a boot floppy gpg -c file1 encrypt a file with GNU Privacy Guard gpg file1.gpg decrypt a file with GNU Privacy Guard wget -r www.example.com download an entire web site wget -c www.example.com/file.iso download a file with the ability to stop the download and resume later echo 'wget -c www.example.com/files.iso' | at 09:00 start a download at any given time ldd ssh show shared libraries required by ssh program alias hh='history' set an alias for a command - hh = history

source:rarlinux.blogspot.com

Labels: command, linux, list, terminal

If you are doing websites, you might want to test them with Safari as well.

Sure, konqueror and midori (which uses GTK webkit) already provide a pretty good approximation on Safari rendering, but there might still be differences.

Here's how to run Safari on Linux:

• run winecfg, set Windows version to WinXP.
• copy the core windows fonts:
  

   cp /usr/share/fonts/truetype/msttcorefonts/{Arial,Times_New_Roman}*.ttf ~/.wine/drive_c/windows/fonts/ 

• Download Safari for Windows from the Apple homepage
• Run the Safari installer with Wine. Do not install Bonjour or the Apple updater.
• Run Safari

The biggest 'trick' for me was to install the Microsoft fonts. Without them, Safari would segfault when rendering the URL bar the first time.

Step 2 assumes you have the Microsoft fonts already installed on your system in the place typical for Debian and Ubuntu users. If you don't find out how to get the required ttf files yourself. You maybe also can just symlink them.

Wine can indeed run most Windows applications by now...

Related Articles:
ies4linux claims to have a way of installing and running MS IE 7 on Linux.

source:blog.drinsama.de/erich

Labels: linux, safari

I’ve always been annoyed by the discussions about “is Ubuntu really giving back to Debian?”. Debian Developers usually don’t see a lot of “giving back”, and Ubuntu Developers complain about Debian Developers ignoring their bug reports and patches.

So, a few months ago, I proposed that Ubuntu developers use a usertag when they report bugs to the Debian BTS, so they can be tracked.

Results are available:

• Bugs with the origin-ubuntuusertag (bugs reported by Ubuntu Developers, with their Ubuntu hat on)
• Bugs with the ubuntu-patchusertag (as above, but a solution is provided by the Ubuntu developer)

Comments:

• It’s really good to see Ubuntu developers reporting bugs and contributing patches to Debian!
• … But more bugs (and patches) would be better, of course. Let’s continue the good work!
• Many patches are applied very fast in Debian (as usual), but in some cases, the patches are ignored (as usual, too). It would be great if Debian Developers could treat those bugs as higher priority, since it makes life easier on the Ubuntu side (less difference means less work)

If you are an Ubuntu Developer, read wiki.u.c/Bugs/Debian/Usertagging for the details on how to tag the bugs you file. Note that the submittodebian script in the ubuntu-dev-tools package already sets the usertags.

source:lucas-nussbaum.net

Labels: linux, ubuntu

About a year ago, Microsoft released Windows Vista, its most ambitious desktop platform to date. It's a great improvement over Windows XP primarily because it brings better security to the overall OS.

Makers of Linux platforms are improving their desktop OSs too. One company making huge leaps forward is Canonical, the company behind Ubuntu. In April 2007, Canonical released Ubuntu 7.04, code-named Feisty Fawn. Prior to the release of 7.04, I'd tested Ubuntu and found it somewhat acceptable for my needs but not exceptionally great mainly because it didn't recognize some of my particular hardware and I didn't want to spend much time finding and installing drivers.

In early June 2007, I finally got around to giving Ubuntu another look (using a bootable Live CD) and was pleasantly surprised. The new OS recognized all my hardware immediately, including my printers, wired Ethernet cards, and half a dozen different Wi-Fi cards. I then poked around the desktop a little bit and discovered that almost all the tools I need for day-to-day work are either already installed by default or are available for easy Internet-based installation with a few clicks of the mouse. It was at that point that Ubuntu really got my attention. I found myself thinking that I could quickly install Ubuntu along with all the tools I need and take the OS for an extended long-term test drive.And that's exactly what I did.

When I began the test drive, the questions I had in mind were, "Can I use this OS as my everyday desktop?" and "Can it effectively replace my Windows desktop?" As it turns out, the answers are yes and no, respectively. After using Ubuntu as my primary desktop for 7 months straight, every day of the week, I am thoroughly impressed. I've found that it's a fantastic platform for regular users. However, there are obvious problems for Windows security administrators.

Administrators need to run all sorts of third-party Windows-based security tools as well as the security-related tools built into Windows itself. I solved those problems in two ways, both of which might be obvious to at least some of you. The first solution is to use Wine (a Windows emulation environment), which is installed in Ubuntu by default. Wine let me run numerous third-party Windows tools directly on the Ubuntu desktop. The second solution is that I installed a free virtual machine (VM) platform and then installed Windows Vista as a guest VM. So when I need to use a tool that won't run properly under Wine or a tool that's built into Windows, I start the Vista VM and use the tool in that environment; when I'm done, I shut down the VM.

I've found that Ubuntu is reasonably secure, has decent desktop controls that help prevent unwanted access (similar to Vista's User Access Control--UAC), and is relatively quickly patched when security problems appear in various OS components. Installing those patches is easy too--a bit easier than typical desktop updates on Windows platforms.

So for the past 7 months, I've been enjoying the best of both the Linux and Windows worlds. My extended test drive of Ubuntu has been extremely fun and a great learning experience, particularly in terms of interoperability.

I wouldn't go so far as to say that any Windows administrator can switch to Ubuntu (or any other Linux desktop platform), but I do think that it's a great platform for everyday use by nonadministrative users and for those administrators that simply need a Linux platform to get their job done in the best possible manner.
Article written By Mark Joseph Edwards
source:windows-center.blogspot.com

Labels: linux, ubuntu

1. ClamAV 'libclamav/pe.c' MEW Packed PE File Integer Overflow Vulnerability
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-18
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26927
Summary:
ClamAV is prone to an integer-overflow vulnerability because it fails to properly verify user-supplied data.

Successful exploits of this vulnerability can allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary machine code in the context of applications using the 'libclamav' library. Failed exploits may crash the application.
ClamAV 0.91.2 is vulnerable to this issue; other versions may also be affected.

2. Retired: Adobe Flash Player Multiple Security Vulnerabilities
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-18
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26929
Summary:
Adobe Flash Player is prone to multiple security vulnerabilities.
The following individual records have been created to document these vulnerabilities:

Adobe Flash Player ActiveX Control 'navigateToURL' API Cross Domain Scripting Vulnerability
Adobe Flash Player JPG Header Remote Heap Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
Adobe Flash Player 'asfunction' Cross Site Scripting Vulnerability
Adobe Flash Player Unspecified Privilege-Escalation Vulnerability
Adobe Flash Player HTTP Response Splitting Vulnerability
Adobe Flash Player Policy File Cross Domain Security Bypass Vulnerability

These issues affect Adobe Flash Player 9.0.48.0, 8.0.35.0, 7.0.70.0 and prior versions.

3. Adobe Flash Player DNS Rebinding Vulnerability
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-18
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26930
Summary:
Adobe Flash Player is prone to a DNS rebinding vulnerability that allows remote attackers to establish arbitrary TCP sessions.

An attacker can exploit this issue by enticing an unsuspecting victim to view a malicious SWF file.
Successfully exploiting this issue allows the attacker to bypass the application's same-origin policy and set up connections to services on arbitrary computers. This may lead to other attacks.

4. libexif Image Tag Remote Integer Overflow Vulnerability
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-19
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26942
Summary:
The libexif library is prone to an integer-overflow vulnerability because the software fails to ensure that integer values are not overrun.

Successful exploits of this vulnerability allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary machine code in the context of an application using the vulnerable library. Failed attempts will likely result in denial-of-service conditions.

5. Linux Kernel IPv6 Hop-By-Hop Header Remote Denial of Service Vulnerability
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-19
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26943
Summary:
The Linux kernel is prone to a remote denial-of-service vulnerability because it fails to adequately validate specially crafted IPv6 'Hop-By-Hop' headers.

Attackers can exploit this issue to cause a kernel panic, denying service to legitimate users.

6. ClamAV 'mspack.c' Off-By-One Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-19
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26946
Summary:
ClamAV is prone to a buffer-overflow vulnerability because it fails to properly bounds-check user-supplied input before copying it to insufficiently sized memory buffers.

Successful exploits of this vulnerability can allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary machine code in the context of applications using the 'libclamav' library. Failed exploits may crash the application.

ClamAV 0.91.2 is vulnerable to this issue; other versions may also be affected.

7. Adobe Flash Player 'asfunction' Cross Site Scripting Vulnerability
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-18
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26949
Summary:
Adobe Flash Player is prone to a cross-site scripting vulnerability because the application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input.

An attacker may leverage this issue to execute arbitrary script code in the browser of an unsuspecting user in the context of the affected site. This may help the attacker steal cookie-based authentication credentials and launch other attacks.

8. Adobe Flash Player JPG Header Remote Heap Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-19
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26951
Summary:
Adobe Flash Player is prone to a remote heap-based buffer-overflow vulnerability because the application fails to use consistent signedness when handling user-supplied input.

An attacker can exploit this issue to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of a user running the application. Failed exploit attempts will likely cause denial-of-service conditions.
This issue affects Adobe Flash Player 9.0.48.0, 8.0.35.0, 7.0.70.0, and prior versions.

9. Adobe Flash Player ActiveX Control 'navigateToURL' API Cross Domain Scripting Vulnerability
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-18
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26960
Summary:
The Adobe Flash Player ActiveX control is prone to a cross-domain scripting vulnerability.

An attacker may leverage this issue to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of another domain.
This issue affects Adobe Flash Player 9.0.48.0, 8.0.35.0, and prior versions.

10. Adobe Flash Player Unspecified Privilege-Escalation Vulnerability
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-18
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26965
Summary:
Adobe Flash Player is prone to a vulnerability that allows attackers to gain elevated privileges on affected computers.

Very few technical details are currently available. We will update this BID as more information emerges.

NOTE: This issue occurs only when the application is running on a Linux operating system.

Versions prior to Adobe Flash Player 9.0.115.0 are vulnerable.

11. Adobe Flash Player Policy File Cross Domain Security Bypass Vulnerability
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-18
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26966
Summary:
The Adobe Flash Player is prone to a cross-domain security-bypass vulnerability.

An attacker can exploit this issue to connect to arbitrary hosts on affected computers. This may allow the application to perform generic TCP requests to determine what services are running on the affected computer.

This issue affects Adobe Flash Player 9.0.48.0, 8.0.35.0. 7.0.70.0, and prior versions.

12. Adobe Flash Player HTTP Response Splitting Vulnerability
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-20
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26969
Summary:
Adobe Flash Player is prone to an HTTP response-splitting vulnerability because it fails to adequately sanitize user-supplied input.

A remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to influence or misrepresent how web content is served, cached, or interpreted. This could aid in various attacks that try to entice client users into a false sense of trust.

This issue affects Adobe Flash Player 9.0.48.0, 8.0.35.0, and 7.0.70.0 and prior versions.

13. libexif Image Tag Remote Denial Of Service Vulnerability
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-19
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26976
Summary:
The libexif library is prone to a denial-of-service vulnerability because of an infinite-recursion error.

Exploiting this issue allows remote attackers to cause denial-of-service conditions in the context of an application using the vulnerable library.

14. Bitflu StorageFarabDb Module '.torrent' File Handling Security Bypass Vulnerability
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-26
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/27043
Summary:
Bitflu is prone to a security-bypass vulnerability.

An attacker can exploit this issue to append to or create arbitrary files.

This issue affects versions of Bitflu prior to 0.42.

15. Bitflu StorageFarabDb Module '.torrent' File Handling Security Bypass Vulnerability

Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-26
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/27043
Summary:
Bitflu is prone to a security-bypass vulnerability.

An attacker can exploit this issue to append to or create arbitrary files.
This issue affects versions of Bitflu prior to 0.42.

16. ClamAV BZ_GET_FAST Bzip2 Decompression Vulnerability
Remote: Yes
Date Published: 2007-12-29
Relevant URL: http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/27063
Summary:
ClamAV is prone to a vulnerability due to a flaw in its Bzip2 decompression support.

Successful exploits of this vulnerability may potentially allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code in the context of the vulnerable application or to trigger denial-of-service conditions. These affects have not been confirmed.

Further information is not currently available; this BID will be updated as more information is disclosed.
ClamAV 0.91.2 is vulnerable to this issue; other versions may also be affected.

Labels: linux, vulnerability